Dental Tooth Filling

"Tooth filling" in Chinese is commonly referred to as 补牙 (bǔ yá), which literally means "to repair or restore a tooth."

A tooth filling works by replacing the decayed or broken part of the tooth with a material that bonds to the remaining structure, sealing the cavity and preventing further damage. During the process, the decayed area is removed, the cavity is cleaned and shaped for the filling material, which is then hardened and polished to restore the tooth's natural shape and function.

A tooth filling is designed to blend with the natural tooth, though its appearance depends on the material used. Composite or ceramic fillings match the tooth colour and are barely visible, while amalgam and gold fillings appear metallic. After placement, the filling is shaped and polished to fit your bite and restore the tooth's natural contour.

The lifespan of a dental filling depends on the material, location, and oral hygiene. Composite fillings generally last 5 to 10 years, while amalgam and gold fillings can last over a decade, sometimes up to 20 years with excellent care. Regular dental check-ups and proper oral hygiene help extend the life of a filling and ensure it remains in good condition.

A tooth filling or replacement is typically not painful as local anaesthesia is used to numb the area. You may feel mild pressure or vibration during the procedure. After treatment, temporary sensitivity to temperature or bite pressure is common and usually subsides within a few days. If pain persists or worsens, it is advisable to consult your dentist to ensure the filling and bite are properly adjusted.

The main disadvantages of tooth fillings include possible temporary sensitivity, the need for future replacement, and minor structural weakening if a large portion of the tooth is removed. Some materials, such as amalgam, may also be more visible. Despite these limitations, fillings remain an effective way to restore tooth function and prevent further decay when placed and maintained properly.

There is no set number of fillings considered "normal" at any age, as this depends on individual oral hygiene, diet, fluoride exposure, and dental care habits. Some adults may have no fillings, while others may have several due to past cavities or wear. The best way to reduce the need for new fillings is to maintain good oral hygiene and attend regular dental check-ups.

Delaying a filling allows decay to spread deeper into the tooth, potentially leading to pain, infection, or the need for more complex treatments such as root canal therapy. The longer the delay, the greater the risk of tooth structure loss and higher treatment costs. If you suspect a cavity or experience persistent sensitivity, it is advisable to consult your dentist promptly for early treatment.

Fillings and root canals serve different purposes. A filling repairs surface-level decay or minor damage, while a root canal treats infection within the tooth pulp. If decay is limited, a filling is sufficient; however, if bacteria reach the pulp, a root canal becomes necessary to preserve the tooth. It is best to have your dentist assess the condition of the tooth to recommend appropriate treatment.

Common signs that a tooth may need a filling include sensitivity to hot, cold, or sweet foods, discomfort when biting, visible dark spots, or food getting stuck in the same area. Some cavities cause no symptoms and are detected only during dental check-ups. If you notice any of these signs or suspect decay, it is best to see your dentist for an examination and timely treatment.

Alternatives to fillings depend on the extent of tooth damage. Small cavities may sometimes be managed with fluoride treatment or sealants, while extensive decay may require a crown, inlay, onlay, or root canal therapy. Fillings remain the most common and minimally invasive option for early to moderate decay. It is advisable to consult your dentist, who can recommend the most appropriate treatment based on your tooth's condition.

Getting a filling is a low-risk dental procedure, though minor temporary side effects such as sensitivity or mild discomfort may occur. Rarely, issues like an allergic reaction to the material or irritation of the tooth nerve can develop. These are uncommon and typically manageable. If you experience prolonged pain, swelling, or discomfort after a filling, it is advisable to consult your dentist for evaluation.

Tooth fillings generally last between 5 and 15 years, depending on the material, chewing forces, and oral hygiene habits. Replacement is necessary when a filling becomes worn, cracked, or loose, as this can allow bacteria to enter and cause new decay. Regular dental check-ups are important to monitor the condition of your fillings and ensure timely replacement when needed.

Fillings restore the damaged part of a tooth and stop further decay in that area, but they do not make the tooth immune to future cavities. The restored tooth can still develop new decay around or under the filling if oral hygiene is poor. Maintaining proper brushing, flossing, and regular dental visits helps prolong the lifespan of fillings and protect surrounding teeth.

A tooth can be filled multiple times, but each replacement removes a small amount of natural structure. Over time, if too much tooth material is lost, a crown or other restoration may be needed instead. The number of times a filling can be redone depends on the tooth's condition and remaining strength. Your dentist will assess the best option for long-term preservation.